ORIGINAL REVIEW ARTICLE PUBLISHED VOL 2 ISSUE 3 (JULY-SEPTEMBER)
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Fourth-Generation Biofuels: A Comprehensive Review of Technological Progress and Challenges
1,2 Department of Biochemical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, 208002, INDIA
*Corresponding author: hbti.shravan@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The current ecological footprint and economic viability of existing biofuel production techniques render them inadequate for replacing fossil fuels and mitigating their contribution to the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory. Metabolic engineering of algae underpins the production of fourth-generation biofuels, which are capable of fulfilling this demand. First-generation biofuels are derived from agricultural commodities such as corn and sugarcane. Second-generation biofuels utilize various forms of (ligno)cellulosic biomass. The third and fourth generations of biofuel production are characterized by “algae-to-biofuels” technologies: the former entails the processing of algal biomass for biofuel generation, while the latter focuses on the metabolic engineering of algae to produce biofuels from oxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms. This review examines the advancements, fundamental roadmaps, and policies pertinent to the future production and utilization of biofuels through advanced synthetic biology employed in fourth-generation biofuels (4G).
KEY WORDS: Biofuels, 4G fuels, Genetically engineered organisms, Biomass, Metabolic engineering
licensed under CC creative 4
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Original Research Article
DNA PROFILING FROM EYE WEAR FOR PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
Reshita1, , Priyank Verma 2
1PG Research scholar, Chandigarh University
2Associate Professor, Dept of forensic science Chandigarh University
*Corresponding author :
ABSTRACT
According to a 2020 survey, 45% of the Indian population utilizes spectacles. The aim of this study is to identify and extract DNA from the nose pads of bespectacled individuals, which can serve forensically in the identification and resolution of crime cases. It has been observed that sweat accumulated around the nose pads of bespectacled individuals can potentially contain DNA for individualization. The presence of DNA in human sweat suggests the presence of cells, such as sloughed-off skin cells, within the sweat itself. In this study, Sweat-derived DNA was separated and quantified using agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8%). After that, 1.0ng of the DNA was amplified by multiplex PCR using PowerPlex 21 and GlobalFilerTM kits. Using genetics analyzers 3130 and 3500XL, capillary electrophoresis of the amplified products was carried out. Following that, the data were examined using GeneMapper ID Software Version 3.2 and GeneMapperTM ID-X software v1.6, which yielding successful identification results. Despite varying weather conditions, complete DNA profiles were obtained from 87.3% of the samples. The findings suggest that sweat collected from bespectacled individuals can serve as a reliable source for DNA profiling, offering potential advancements in forensic investigations.
Keywords: PCR amplification, DNA profiling, Bespectacled, Sweat
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Original REVIEW ARTICLE
OPEN ACCESS
INDEXED IN OPEN AIR
HYDROPONICS PER DROP MORE CROP FOR FOOD SAFETY
Urmila Choudhary1 Prasanta Kumar Senapati2 S.M. BHATT 3 Ashwini Uikey 4 Bishan Poudel 5
K. N. Sondarva6, and P. S. Jayswal,7 Avrak Hamal8, Kanishka G 9
1Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 2M.P.C Autonomous College, Takhatpur, Baripada, Odisha, 3 IIMT UNIVERSITY, MEERUT , 4Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindhia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior MP
5, 8Amritsar group of college, 6Asst. Professor, CAET, NAU, Dediapada,
7 Sicentist, KVK, JAU, Amreli, 9 Department of Environmental Management, IGNOU
*3Corresponding author:
Abstract
Hydroponics, a method of growing plants without soil, has emerged as a key innovation in modern agriculture, offering significant improvements in crop yields, resource efficiency, and sustainability. This review article explores recent advancements in hydroponic systems, comparing their performance to traditional soil-based agriculture, with a focus on yield improvements, water usage, and energy efficiency. Studies reveal that hydroponics can yield up to 30% more crops, particularly in high-demand varieties such as leafy greens and tomatoes, due to optimized nutrient delivery and controlled growing environments. Furthermore, the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar power, has been shown to reduce energy consumption by up to 40%, making hydroponic systems more sustainable. This article also examines the role of automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in enhancing the precision of nutrient management and environmental monitoring, resulting in greater efficiency and reduced labor costs. These innovations are driving the growth of hydroponic farming, presenting it as a solution to food security challenges and the environmental impact of conventional agriculture. This review is aimed at agricultural researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers, offering insights into how hydroponics can be leveraged to address the growing demands of sustainable food production in an increasingly resource-constrained world.
Key word: Internet of Things (IoT), hydroponics. Agriculture, sustainable food
Citation
Choudhary, U., Senapati, P. K., Uikey, A., Poudel, B., Sondarva, K. N., Jayswal, P. S., Hamal, A., G, K., & BHATT, S. M. (2024). HYDROPONICS PER DROP MORE CROP FOR FOOD SAFETY: A Review of Technological Progress and Challenges. Journal of Agriculture Biotechnology & Applied Sciences, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13954796
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Original REVIEW ARTICLE
OPEN ACCESS
Earthworms as a Bio Indicator for Assessing Soil Toxicity: A Review on Impact in Agriculture
Pragati Jain1 Amisha2, Ananya Sharma3, Ranjan Sahu4 S. M. Bhatt 5
1 Department of Forensic Science, faculty of science, Swami Vivekanand Subharti university meerut 250005, U.P India
2, 3 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, IIMT UNIVERSITY MEERUT, UTTAR PRADESH INDIA 250001 Email: aarohisingh49949@gmail.com: Email: ananyasharma6386@gmail.com
4 Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar
5 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, IIMT UNIVESITY MEERUT, UTTAR PRADESH INDIA 250001
Correspondence author: Pragatijain980@gmail.com
This review article is an attempt to study the impact of toxicity in the realm of insecticides and pesticides which is very dangerous to target (earthworm) and non-target (other than earthworm) organisms and lower LC50 leads to death of earthworms which is important for nutrients rotation, that’s why overall productivity of agriculture crops may go down. Various pesticides directly or indirectly pollute air, water, soil, and the overall ecosystem, which causes serious health hazards to living beings.
We have discussed in this review article about understanding of different kinds of toxicity levels and their impact on targeted invertebrates. The author also discussed tools to assess heavy metal toxicity as a biomarker e.g. total protein assay, metallothionein (MT), catalase and lipoxygenase (LOX), and glutathione (GSH) assay. Other alternatives to control crop loss due to pest attacks may include the application of various biopesticides. Another way of avoiding pesticide use includes developing some crop varieties that are resistant to some pests through the use of transgenic approaches.
Keywords: Pesticides, Insecticides, Toxicity, LD50, LOX and GSH.
DOI https://zenodo.org/records/14003564
Resource type
Publication
Publisher
ITLS PUBISHER
Published in
Journal of Agriculture Biotechnology & applied sciences (JABAAS), 2(3), 120-135, ISSN: 3048-6599, 2024.
Citation
Jain, P., Singh, A., Sharma, A., & Sheelendra, M. B. (2024). Earthworms as a Bio Indicator for Assessing Soil Toxicity: A Review on Impact in Agriculture. In Journal of Agriculture Biotechnology & applied sciences (JABAAS) (Version 1, Vol. 2, Number 3, pp. 120–135). ITLS PUBISHER. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13998704
